ZYNADENT – CLINICAL TRIALS

HYDROGEN PEROXIDE

“ANTIBACTERIAL EFFECT OF HYDROGEN PEROXIDE AGAINST STREPTOCOCCUS SOBRINUS, STREPTOCOCCUS FAECALIS AND STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS”

D Steinberg, I Heling, I Daniel… – Journal of oral …, 1999 – Wiley Online Library

Its ability to reduce plaque and affect cariogenic bacteria has been demonstrated in numerous studies (Addy, 1986; Lang & Brecx, 1986 … Hydrogen peroxide (HP) is yet another antibacterial agent that has been gaining attention in recent years (Marshall, Cancro & Fischman, 1995 …

HYPERLINK “http://www.karger.com/Article/Abstract/260586” EFFECT OF TOPICAL APPLICATION OF HYDROGEN AND UREA PEROXIDE ON CARIES INCIDENCE AND PLAQUE ACCUMULATION
AR Firestone, R Schmid, HR Mühlemann – Caries research, 1982 – karger.com

… The self-application of buffering agents in a suitable form directly following each cariogenic
challenge might be more effective in reducing caries incidence. … The highly significant
reduction in plaque extent in both hydrogen and urea peroxide groups, …

ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF HYDROGEN PEROXIDE AND THE LACTOPEROXIDASE-HYDROGEN PEROXIDE-THIOCYANATE SYSTEM AGAINST ORAL STREPTOCOCCI
E L Thomas, T W Milligan, R E Joyner, and M M Jefferson

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC186138/

HYDROGEN PEROXIDE: A REVIEW OF ITS USE IN DENTISTRY

Milton V. Marshall,* Lewis P. Cancro,† and Stuart L. Fischman‡ *Dermigen, Smithville, TX.

†Chesebrough-Pond USA Co., Trumbull, CT.

‡School of Dental Medicine, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY.

 

… Studies in which 3% H2O2 or less were used daily for up to 6 years showed occasional transitory irritant effects only in a small number of subjects with preexisting ulceration … This (and later) studies have shown that at 3% or less, no cocarcinogenic activity … In patients use of hydrogen peroxide decreased plaque and gingivitis indices.However, therapeutic delivery of H2O2 to prevent periodontal disease required mechanical access to subgingival pockets. Furthermore, wound healing following gingival surgery was enhanced due to the antimicrobial effects of topically administered hydrogen peroxide. For most subjects, beneficial effects were seen with H2O2 levels above 1%. J Periodontol 1995;66:786–796.

COLLOIDAL SILVER

EFFICACY OF A SILVER COLLOIDAL GEL AGAINST SELECTED ORAL BACTERIA IN VITRO

Phat L. Tran, Keaton Luth, James Wang, Coby Ray, Anselm de Souza, Dilip Mehta, K. W. Moeller, C. D. Moeller Ted W. Reid

It is necessary to develop new strategies to protect against bacteria such as Streptococcus mutans, S treptococcus sanguis, and Streptococcus salivarius, which contribute to tooth decay and plaque formation …Colloidal Silver inhibited biofilm formation by these three bacteria mixed together. These results were confirmed by scanning electron microscopy …was effective in preventing biofilm formation by S. mutans, S. sanguis, and S. salivarius.

EVALUATION OF THE ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF COLLOIDAL SILVER IN ODONTOPATHOGENIC BACTERIA
Gandara De La Peña, Agustin; De La Garza-ramos, Myriam; Aguilera Rojas, Sandra; San Martin Delgado, Carlos; Torres Reyes, Patricia

… the data obtained show that the antimicrobial activity of the colloidal silver was 99.9%and therefore showed no microbial growth for the bacterial strains evaluated compared to the control group of chlorhexidine. A statistically significant difference was observed (p< 0.05) between the groups evaluated …. Colloidal silver has antimicrobial activity against odontopathogenic bacteria and could therefore be used as an antimicrobial in the oral cavity.

COLLOIDAL SILVER – HOW DOES IT BENEFIT YOUR DENTAL HEALTH?
Dr. A. Bis
Colloidal silver has been used in medicine since the early 20th century to improve overall health and oral health. Recent research has demonstrated its antibacterial qualities in the treatment of a variety of common concerns like bacterial and viral infections, skin wounds, inflammation, sinusitis, cold, and flu …. A study published in 2016 showed that silver is a powerful anti-bacterialand can be used as a rinse to help reduce bacteria in the mouth that contributes to gum disease. If you or someone you know is diagnosed with gum disease, adding a colloidal silver rinse to your daily oral care routine can help prevent further spread of bacteria.

 

PELARGONIUM SIDOIDES

HYPERLINK “https://www.thieme-connect.com/products/ejournals/abstract/10.1055/s-2006-957752” ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF EXTRACTS AND CONSTITUENTS OF PELARGONIUM SIDOIDES AND PELARGONIUM RENIFORME

HYPERLINK “https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=CJHlahUAAAAJ&hl=en&oi=sra” O Kayser, H Kolodziej – Planta medica, 1997 – thieme-connect.com

Abstract The antibacterial activity of extracts and isolated constituents (scopoletin, umckalin,
5, 6, 7-trimethoxycoumarin, 6, 8-dihydroxy-5, 7-dimethoxycoumarin,(+)-catechin, gallic acid
and its methyl ester) of Pelargonium sidoides and Pelargonium reniforme (Geraniaceae), …

HYPERLINK “http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0944711304703475” PHARMACOLOGICAL PROFILE OF EXTRACTS OF PELARGONIUM SIDOIDES AND THEIR CONSTITUENTS

H Kolodziej,HYPERLINK “https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=CJHlahUAAAAJ&hl=en&oi=sra” O Kayser, OA Radtke, AF Kiderlen, E Koch – Phytomedicine, 2003 – Elsevier

SUMMARY: In areas of southern Africa, aqueous extracts from the roots of Pelargonium
sidoides are employed to cure various disorders. Nowadays, a modern formulation (EPs
7630), elaborated from the traditional herbal medicine, is successfully used for the …

HYPERLINK “http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14786419.2012.751595” ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF SELECTED ESSENTIAL OILS AGAINST CARIOGENIC BACTERIA

GP Aguiar,HYPERLINK “https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=IQSNkikAAAAJ&hl=en&oi=sra” CE Carvalho, HJ Dias, EB Reis… – Natural product …, 2013 – Taylor & Francis

… activity of the essential oil from Rosmarinus officinalis and its major components against oral
pathogens. … Antimicrobial activity of selected essential oils against cariogenic bacteria. …
(Verbenaceae), 12022; Ocimum gratissimum L. (Lamiaceae), 12420; Pelargonium

HYPERLINK “http://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/20/4/7329/htm” ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF ESSENTIAL OILS AND THEIR ISOLATED CONSTITUENTS AGAINST CARIOGENIC BACTERIA: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW

HYPERLINK “https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=rgkB6CwAAAAJ&hl=en&oi=sra” IA Freires, C Denny,HYPERLINK “https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=WPPsV3cAAAAJ&hl=en&oi=sra” B Benso,HYPERLINK “https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=g9SR_3UAAAAJ&hl=en&oi=sra” SM de Alencar… – Molecules, 2015 – mdpi.com

… The most promising species with antibacterial potential against cariogenic bacteria are: Achillea ligustica, Baccharis dracunculifolia, Croton cajucara, Cryptomeria japonica, Coriandrum sativum, Eugenia … Pelargonium

HYPERLINK “http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2221169115308844” IN VITRO ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY AND MAJOR BIOACTIVE COMPONENTS OF ESSENTIAL OILS AGAINST CARIOGENIC BACTERIA, STREPTOCOCCUS MUTANS AND …

O Choi, SK Cho, J Kim, CG Park, J Kim – Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical …, 2016 – Elsevier

The aim of the present study was to identify essential oils showing antibacterial activity against cariogenic bacteria, S globulus; S. aromaticum: Syzygium aromaticum; C. sempervirens: Cupressus sempervirens; B. carteri: Boswellia carteri; P. roseum: Pelargonium; C

CLOVE OIL

MICROBICIDE ACTIVITY OF CLOVE ESSENTIAL OIL ….

L. Nuñez* and M. D’ Aquino
Clove oil has biological activities, such as antibacterial, antifungal, insecticidal and antioxidant properties … Clove essential oil, used as an antiseptic in oral infections, inhibits Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria as well as yeast ….Clove essential oil can be considered as a potential antimicrobial agent because it is not markedly inactivated by dilution or affected by organic matter.

ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY AND MECHANISM OF CLOVE ESSENTIAL OIL AGAINST FOODBORNE PATHOGENS
Jingwen Bai, Jianqiang Li, Zhiyuan Chen, Xuedong Bai, Zhenyuan Yang, Zitong Wang, Yu Yang
In this study, eugenol was confirmed as the main component of Clove Oil Extract (CEO). CEO and eugenol showed obviously antibacterial activities against S. aureus and E. coli. The antibacterial mechanism of eugenol against S. aureus was probably related to the damage of cell wall and membrane, the inhibition on biofilm formation, the oxidative stress-mediated apoptosis and the disruption of DNA synthesis. These results indicated that CEO and eugenol may be used as substitutes for antibiotics and synthetic antimicrobial agents.

COMPARATIVE STUDY OF THE ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF CLOVE OIL AND CLOVE EXTRACT ON ORAL PATHOGENS

Charu Gupta, PhD, ; Dhan Prakash, PhD
Both clove oil and clove extract was found to exhibit broad spectrum of antibacterial activity inhibiting all the ten test bacterial species involved in dental caries. Clove oil produced maximum inhibition zone of diameter (IZD) against the major causative bacteria of dental plaqueas compared to clove extract, thereby, showing that clove oil possesses strong bactericidal activity against oral pathogens.The clove oil has the potential to be used as a natural antibacterial agent for oral pathogens …..

LEMONGRASS

EVALUATION OF ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF LEMONGRASS OIL AGAINST ORAL CLINICAL ISOLATES
Paavai Ilango, Vasugi Suresh, Ayswarya V Vummidi1, Vanessa Ravel, Veejai Chandran, Arulpari Mahalingam, and Vineela Katam Reddy
There are 1,200 oral species out of which 400 are potentially important and 20 organisms are periopathic. Periodontal flora plays the important role in initiation and progression of periodontal diseases …. Lemongrass essential oil showed higher antibacterial activity than tetracycline. Hence, it can be used as a good alternative to tetracycline or adjunctive in the treatment of periodontitis.

ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF LEMONGRASS ESSENTIAL OIL (CYMBOPOGON FLEXUOSUS) AND ITS ACTIVE COMPONENT CITRAL AGAINST DUAL-SPECIES BIOFILMS OF STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS AND CANDIDA SPECIES
Shanjun Gao, Guangzhi Liu, Jianguo Li, Jing Chen
Lemongrassessential oil and its bioactive component citral were previously demonstrated to possess strong antimicrobial efficacy against pathogenic bacteria and fungi … In summary, we demonstrated lemongrass essential oil and citral were highly effective for eradicating the dual-species biofilms by hindering the interactions between C. albicans and S. aureus as well as breaking the matrix compositions of biofilms

ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF LEMONGRASS (CYMBOPOGON CITRATUS) OIL AGAINST SOME SELECTED PATHOGENIC BACTERIAS
Mohd Irfan Naik, Bashir Ahmad Fomda, Ebenezar Jaykumar, Javid Ahmad Bhat
The tested organisms, particularly gram-negative organisms had shown high resistance towards different antibiotics whereas they were found to be inhibited by lemongrass oil even at lower concentration. Thus lemongrass oil is effective against drug resistant organisms. It can be suggested that use of lemongrass oil would be helpful in the treatment of infections

XYLITOL


THE EFFECT OF XYLITOL ON DENTAL CARIES …

Prathibha Anand Nayak,1 Ullal Anand Nayak,2 and Vishal Khandelwal
Xylitol reduces the levels of mutans streptococci (MS) in plaque and saliva by disrupting their energy production processes, leading to futile energy cycle and cell death. HYPERLINK “http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4232036/” \l “b7-ccide-6-089” 7 It reduces the adhesion of these microorganisms to the teeth surface and also reduces their acid production potential ….. Xylitol decreases the incidence of dental caries by increasing salivary flow and Ph and reducing the number of cariogenic (MS) and periodontopathic (Helicobacter pylori) bacteria, plaque levels, xerostomia, gingival inflammation, and erosion of teeth …

SUGAR SUBSTITUTES IN DENTAL CARIES PREVENTION. SIGNIFICANCE OF SORBITOL AND XYLITOL
Hefti AF, Pink FE
To date, effective caries prevention largely relies on the regular use of fluoride and oral hygiene. The potential efficacy of basing caries prevention on nutritional modifications has been suggested a long time ago. Subsequently, a great number of laboratory, animal and clinical investigations have convincingly demonstrated that partial substitution of sugar by noncariogenic sweeteners offers considerable benefits for dental health. This article reviews scientific information on sorbitol and xylitol, two caloric sugar substitutes that have been extensively studied with regard to their noncariogenic properties.

CONCLUSION AND REVIEW OF THE MICHIGAN XYLITOL PROGRAMME FOR THE PREVENTION OF DENTAL CARIES


HYPERLINK “http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=M%C3%A4kinen%20KK%5BAuthor%5D&cauthor=true&cauthor_uid=8744914” Mäkinen KK1,
HYPERLINK “http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=M%C3%A4kinen%20PL%5BAuthor%5D&cauthor=true&cauthor_uid=8744914” Mäkinen PL,
HYPERLINK “http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Pape%20HR%20Jr%5BAuthor%5D&cauthor=true&cauthor_uid=8744914” Pape HR Jr,
HYPERLINK “http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Peldyak%20J%5BAuthor%5D&cauthor=true&cauthor_uid=8744914” Peldyak J,
HYPERLINK “http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Hujoel%20P%5BAuthor%5D&cauthor=true&cauthor_uid=8744914” Hujoel P,
HYPERLINK “http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Isotupa%20KP%5BAuthor%5D&cauthor=true&cauthor_uid=8744914” Isotupa KP,
HYPERLINK “http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Soderling%20E%5BAuthor%5D&cauthor=true&cauthor_uid=8744914” Soderling E,
HYPERLINK “http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Isokangas%20PJ%5BAuthor%5D&cauthor=true&cauthor_uid=8744914” Isokangas PJ,
HYPERLINK “http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Allen%20P%5BAuthor%5D&cauthor=true&cauthor_uid=8744914” Allen P,HYPERLINK “http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Bennett%20C%5BAuthor%5D&cauthor=true&cauthor_uid=8744914” Bennett C
The Programme consisted of several clinical trials and laboratory investigations designed to study the usage of xylitol-containing saliva stimulants in the prevention of dental caries … The accumulated clinical, sialochemical and microbiologic evidence suggests that xylitol, a natural carbohydrate sweetener of the pentitol type, is more effective in preventing dental caries … The Programme’s results shed additional light on the cariologic and oral biologic effects of natural, dietary polyols, and suggest that the usage of Xylitol can be considered a valuable additional tool in caries prevention and in stabilization of caries in all age groups.

 

ZYNASEPT – CLINICAL TRIALS

HYDROGEN PEROXIDE

ANTIBACTERIAL EFFECTS OF HYDROGEN PEROXIDE AND METHODS FOR ITS DETECTION AND QUANTITATION 

HYPERLINK “https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Juven+BJ&cauthor_id=31195444″Benjamin J Juven HYPERLINK “https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31195444/” \l “full-view-affiliation-1” \o “Department of Food Science and Technology, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, USA.”1, HYPERLINK “https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Pierson+MD&cauthor_id=31195444″Merle D Pierso- ….. National Library of Medicinei

Hydrogen peroxide is responsible for bactericidal effectsobserved in biological systems, such as growth inhibition of one bacterial species by another and killing of invading microorganisms by activated phagocyticcells. H2O2 might be generated in bacteriological media by their exposure to light and/or oxygen and become an important mediator ………

THE USE OF HYDROGEN PEROXIDE FOR ANTISEPTIC & DISINFECTION PURPOSES

Gerald McDonnell … Wiley Online Library

Hydrogen peroxide is a widely used antimicrobial chemical. It is used in both liquid and gas form for preservative, disinfection and sterilization applications. Its advantages include its potent and broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity, flexibility in use, and safety profile in comparison to other microbicides. Hydrogen peroxide has been shown to be effective against all forms of microorganisms, including dormant forms with known high resistancesuch as bacterial spores and protozoal cysts, and also infectious proteins such as prions depending on the specific use …..

HYDROGEN PEROXIDE – AN OVERVIEW OF ANTISEPTIC QUALITIES
Dr Marie Hartley … Dermnet

Hydrogen peroxide is a bleach and an oxidizing agent, which means that when applied to tissues, oxygen is released. It is active against a wide variety of microorganisms. There are no known disease-causing bacteria or fungi that develop resistance to hydrogen peroxide.

USE OF HYDROGEN PEROXIDE IN WOUNDS
Sài Gòn, Hà Nội, Hồ Chí Minh, Phú Quốc, Nha Trang, Hạ Long, Hải Phòng, Đà Nẵng
Hydrogen peroxideis an oxidizing agent that has antiseptic, disinfecting, wound cleaning and deodorizing effects. Hydrogen peroxide has antibacterial, antiviraland mild hemostatic activity. Hydrogen peroxide in contact with tissue containing the enzyme catalase will release nascent oxygen with strong oxidizing properties, destroying harmful microorganisms.

 

COLLOIDAL SILVER

HEALTH BENEFITS OF COLLOIDAL SILVER
Jillian Kubala, Kayla Girgen
Colloidal silver has been shown to have antibacterial effectsagainst multidrug-resistant bacteria such as E. coli, S. aureus, S. epidermidis, and Enterococcus species. Silver has the ability to bind to sulfur atoms in proteins and enzymes located on the surface of bacteria. The metal then deactivates enzymes necessary for the bacteria to survive …

EVALUATION OF THE ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF COLLOIDAL SILVER IN BACTERIA
Gandara De La Peña, Agustin; De La Garza-ramos, Myriam; Aguilera Rojas, Sandra; San Martin Delgado, Carlos; Torres Reyes, Patricia

… the data obtained show that the antimicrobial activity of the colloidal silver was 99.9%and therefore showed no microbial growthfor the bacterial strains evaluated compared to the control group of chlorhexidine. A statistically significant difference was observed (p< 0.05) between the groups evaluated …. Colloidal silver has antimicrobial activityagainst bacteria and could therefore be used as an antimicrobial agent.

COLLOIDAL SILVER – HOW DOES IT BENEFIT YOUR HEALTH?
Dr. A. Bis
Colloidal silver has been used in medicine since the early 20th century to improve overall health and oral health. Recent research has demonstrated its antibacterial qualities in the treatment of a variety of common concerns like bacterial and viral infections, skin wounds, inflammation, sinusitis, cold, and flu …. A study published in 2016 showed that silver is a powerful anti-bacterialand can be used to help reduce bacteria ….

HEALTH BENEFITS OF TOPICAL COLLOIDAL SILVER
Kathy W. Warwick, Kathryn Watson …. Healthline

There have been some benefits from applying silver-containing agents to the skin. Health claims of topical silver include antimicrobial properties and help in healing skin wounds.

Topical colloidal silver products claim to be antimicrobial, germ-fighting agents… studies show promise when silver nanoparticles are incorporated into bandages and dressings for wounds. Colloidal silver is also claimed to promote healing of skin wounds.

PELARGONIUM SIDOIDES

HYPERLINK “https://www.thieme-connect.com/products/ejournals/abstract/10.1055/s-2006-957752” ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF EXTRACTS AND CONSTITUENTS OF PELARGONIUM SIDOIDES AND PELARGONIUM RENIFORME

HYPERLINK “https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=CJHlahUAAAAJ&hl=en&oi=sra” O Kayser, H Kolodziej – Planta medica, 1997 – thieme-connect.com

Abstract The antibacterial activity of extracts and isolated constituents (scopoletin, umckalin,
5, 6, 7-trimethoxycoumarin, 6, 8-dihydroxy-5, 7-dimethoxycoumarin,(+)-catechin, gallic acid
and its methyl ester) of Pelargonium sidoides and Pelargonium reniforme (Geraniaceae), …

HYPERLINK “http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0944711304703475” PHARMACOLOGICAL PROFILE OF EXTRACTS OF PELARGONIUM SIDOIDES AND THEIR CONSTITUENTS

H Kolodziej,HYPERLINK “https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=CJHlahUAAAAJ&hl=en&oi=sra” O Kayser, OA Radtke, AF Kiderlen, E Koch – Phytomedicine, 2003 – Elsevier

SUMMARY: In areas of southern Africa, aqueous extracts from the roots of Pelargonium
sidoides are employed to cure various disorders. Nowadays, a modern formulation (EPs
7630), elaborated from the traditional herbal medicine, is successfully used for the …

HYPERLINK “http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14786419.2012.751595” ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF SELECTED ESSENTIAL OILS AGAINST BACTERIA

GP Aguiar,HYPERLINK “https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=IQSNkikAAAAJ&hl=en&oi=sra” CE Carvalho, HJ Dias, EB Reis… – Natural product …, 2013 – Taylor & Francis

… activity of the essential oil from Rosmarinus officinalis and its major components against
pathogens. … Antimicrobial activity of selected essential oils against bacteria. …
(Verbenaceae), 12022; Ocimum gratissimum L. (Lamiaceae), 12420; Pelargonium

HYPERLINK “http://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/20/4/7329/htm” ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF ESSENTIAL OILS AND THEIR ISOLATED CONSTITUENTS AGAINST BACTERIA: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW

HYPERLINK “https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=rgkB6CwAAAAJ&hl=en&oi=sra” IA Freires, C Denny,HYPERLINK “https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=WPPsV3cAAAAJ&hl=en&oi=sra” B Benso,HYPERLINK “https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=g9SR_3UAAAAJ&hl=en&oi=sra” SM de Alencar… – Molecules, 2015 – mdpi.com

… The most promising species with antibacterial potential against bacteria are: Achillea ligustica, Baccharis dracunculifolia, Croton cajucara, Cryptomeria japonica, Coriandrum sativum, Eugenia … Pelargonium

HYPERLINK “http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2221169115308844” IN VITRO ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY AND MAJOR BIOACTIVE COMPONENTS OF ESSENTIAL OILS AGAINST BACTERIA, STREPTOCOCCUS MUTANS AND …

O Choi, SK Cho, J Kim, CG Park, J Kim – Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical …, 2016 – Elsevier

The aim of the present study was to identify essential oils showing antibacterial activity against bacteria, S globulus; S. aromaticum: Syzygium aromaticum; C. sempervirens: Cupressus sempervirens; B. carteri: Boswellia carteri; P. roseum: Pelargonium; C

 

CLOVE OIL

MICROBICIDE ACTIVITY OF CLOVE ESSENTIAL OIL ….

L. Nuñez* and M. D’ Aquino
Clove oil has biological activities, such as antibacterial, antifungal, insecticidal and antioxidant properties … Clove essential oil, used as an antiseptic in infections, inhibits Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria as well as yeast ….Clove essential oil can be considered as a potential antimicrobial agent because it is not markedly inactivated by dilution or affected by organic matter.

ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY AND MECHANISM OF CLOVE ESSENTIAL OIL AGAINST PATHOGENS
Jingwen Bai, Jianqiang Li, Zhiyuan Chen, Xuedong Bai, Zhenyuan Yang, Zitong Wang, Yu Yang
In this study, eugenol was confirmed as the main component of Clove Oil Extract (CEO). CEO and eugenol showed obviously antibacterial activities against S. aureus and E. coli. The antibacterial mechanism of eugenol against S. aureus was probably related to the damage of cell wall and membrane, the inhibition on biofilm formation, the oxidative stress-mediated apoptosis and the disruption of DNA synthesis. These results indicated that CEO and eugenol may be used as substitutes for antibiotics and synthetic antimicrobial agents.

COMPARATIVE STUDY OF THE ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF CLOVE OIL AND CLOVE EXTRACT ON PATHOGENS

Charu Gupta, PhD, ; Dhan Prakash, PhD
Both clove oil and clove extract was found to exhibit broad spectrum of antibacterial activity inhibiting all the ten test bacterial species. Clove oil produced maximum inhibition zone of diameter (IZD) against the major causative bacteriaas compared to clove extract, thereby, showing that clove oil possesses strong bactericidal activity.The clove oil has the potential to be used as a natural antibacterial agent for pathogens …..

COLLOIDAL SILVER AND WOUND TREATMENT

Dr. Young … Cleveland Clinic

Colloidal silver’s ability to destroy germs and bacteria can make it effective in treating skin infections, irritations and burns, Colloidal Silver addition to bandages and dressings helps to heal wounds faster.

LEMONGRASS OIL

ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF LEMONGRASS ESSENTIAL OIL (CYMBOPOGON FLEXUOSUS) AND ITS ACTIVE COMPONENT CITRAL AGAINST DUAL-SPECIES BIOFILMS OF STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS AND CANDIDA SPECIES

Shanjun Gao, Guangzhi Liu, Jianguo Li, Jing Chen

Lemongrass essential oil and its bioactive component citral demonstrated to possess strong antimicrobial efficacyagainst pathogenic bacteria and fungi … In summary, we demonstrated lemongrass essential oil and citral were highly effective for eradicating the dual-species biofilms by hindering the interactions between C. albicans and S. aureus as well as breaking the matrix compositions of biofilms …

ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF LEMONGRASS (CYMBOPOGON CITRATUS) OIL AGAINST SOME SELECTED PATHOGENIC BACTERIAS
Mohd Irfan Naik, Bashir Ahmad Fomda, Ebenezar Jaykumar, Javid Ahmad Bhat
The tested organisms, particularly gram-negative organisms had shown high resistance towards different antibiotics whereas they were found to be inhibited by lemongrass oil even at lower concentration. Thus lemongrass oil is effective against drug resistant organisms. It can be suggested that use of lemongrass oil would be helpful in the treatment of infections

LEMONGRASS ESSENTIAL OIL COMPONENTS WITH ANTIMICROBIAL AND ANTICANCER ACTIVITIES

Mohammad Mukarram ,Sadaf Choudhary,Mo Ahamad Khan, Mo Ahamad Khan,

Palmiro Poltronieri M. Masroor A. Khan … MDPI

The components of Lemongrass confer various pharmacological actions, including antifungal, antibacterial, antiviral, anticancer, and antioxidant properties …. Lemongrass extract inhibited the growthof Bacillus cereus, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Candida albicans, and Staphylococcus aureus with different levels of susceptibility ….

TEA TREE OIL

MELALEUCA ALTERNIFOLIA (TEA TREE) OIL: A REVIEW OF ANTIMICROBIAL AND OTHER MEDICINAL PROPERTIES

C. F. Carson,1 K. A. Hammer,1 and T. V. Riley

Complementary and alternative medicines such as tea tree (melaleuca) oil have become increasingly popular in recent decades. This essential oil has been used for almost 100 years in Australia but is now available worldwide both as neat oil and as an active component in an array of products. The primary uses of tea tree oil have historically capitalized on the antiseptic and anti-bacterial actions of the oil.

TEA TREE OIL : HEALTH BENEFITS, USES, POTENTIAL SIDE EFFECTS, AND MORE

Jessica Migala, Jacquelyn Dosal, MD

Tea tree oil is an essential oil derived from Australian tea tree leaves.[1] You may also know it as melaleuca oil. “We turn to it for its antiseptic, antibacterial, and anti-inflammatory properties, and there are a lot of ways it can be utilized on skin, hair, and nails as a natural treatment,” says Jennifer Holman, MD, a board-certified dermatologist and the regional president of U.S. Dermatology Partners in East and South Texas.

ANTIMICROBIAL ACTION OF TEA TREE OIL (MELALEUCA ALTERNIFOLIA) ON FIVE COMMON BACTERIA
Mary Fitzpatrick
Tea tree oil (Melaleuca alternifolia) is known to have antibacterial effects and in this experiment we tested its abilities to control the growth of five bacteria Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, Micrococcus roseus, Sarcina luteus, and Serratia marcescens. Tests have shown how tea tree oil is capable of controlling growth of E. coli. Tea tree oil has shown inhibitory effects on bacteria with E. coli (Carson et al. 2006, Carson and Riley 1995, Cox et al. 1998), and our experiment tested its antimicrobial action on other bacteria but our experiment also determined how tea tree oil compared to other common products thought to control bacteria.

DETERMINING THE ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIONS OF TEA TREE OIL

Cindy M. Mann, Julie L. Markham, John E. Gustafson, John R. Warmington, S. Grant Wyllie
The ability of tea tree oil to inhibit respiration and increase membrane permeability in microbial cells suggests that its lethal actions are primarily the result of inhibition of membrane-located metabolic events and a loss of chemiosmotic control. Differences in susceptibility between E. coli, Staph. aureus and to some degree C. albicans can be explained by differences in the extent of monoterpene-induced cell membrane damage.

EUCALYPTUS OIL

ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF THE ESSENTIAL OILS FROM THE LEAVES OF EUCALYPTUS GLOBULUS AGAINST ESCHERICHIA COLI AND STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS

Raho G Bachir,* and M Benali
The encouraging results indicate the essential oil of E. globulus leaves might be exploited as natural antibiotic for the treatment of several infectious diseases caused by these two germs, and could be useful in understanding the relations between traditional cures and current medicines.

ANTIBACTERIAL AND ANTIVIRAL ACTIVITY OF EUCALYPTUS OIL:A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW
Pretty Falena, Atmanda Kambira,, Merry Liliana, Laurentine Belinda Arfenda, Sherleen Marcella
This study concludes that eucalyptus oil has antibacterial and antiviral activity.Thus, eucalyptus oil is a prominent alternative to antibiotics or disinfectants.

ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF LEAF ESSENTIAL OILS OF EUCALYPTUS GLOBULUS AND EUCALYPTUS CAMALDULENSIS

Raho Bachir, Benali Ghalem
The antibacterial activities of essential oils from leaves of two Eucalyptus species (globulus and camaldulensis) was determined against Staphylococcus aureus Gram (+) and Escherichia coli Gram (-) bacteria. ……….. Results demonstrated of the leaf essential oils of the two species showed an excellent inhibitory effect on S. aureus and E. coli.These data would indicate the potential usefulness of the two Eucalyptus species as a micro biostatic, antiseptic or as disinfectant agent.

ANTIMICROBIAL EFFECT OF ESSENTIAL OIL ISOLATEDFROM EUCALYPTUS GLOBULUS
Biljana DamJaNoVić, Danijela ŠukoVić, Jovanka DamJaNoVić – Czech J. Food Sci
The antimicrobial plate diffusion assay for Eucalyptus essential oil showed that differentmicroorganisms tested had different susceptibility to the same essentialoil. Eucalyptus oil was very potent against all the selected microorganisms …

CHEMICAL COMPOSITION AND ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF ESSENTIAL OIL EXTRACTED FROM EUCALYPTUS CITRIODORA LEAF

Wimonrut Insuan, Thippayarat Chahomchuen – MBL
In summary, this study was the first to provide information on the essential oil extracted from Eucalyptus citriodora leaves cultivated in northern Thailand. The essential oil consisted mainly of citronellal followed by isopulegol and citronellol…….. It possessed a high antibacterial activityagainst S. intermedius and P. aeruginosa as determined by the MIC and MBC values. Through a decrease in bacterial proteins and changing the cell morphology, the main action of E. citriodora oil was suggested to be through affecting the cell wall and cell membrane. These results indicated that E. citriodora oil has promise as a natural antibacterial agentwith potential to use for development in nanotechnological applications ……………….

,

ZYNASTERI – CLINICAL TRIALS

HYDROGEN PEROXIDE

ANTIBACTERIAL EFFECTS OF HYDROGEN PEROXIDE AND METHODS FOR ITS DETECTION AND QUANTITATION 

HYPERLINK “https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Juven+BJ&cauthor_id=31195444″Benjamin J Juven HYPERLINK “https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31195444/” \l “full-view-affiliation-1” \o “Department of Food Science and Technology, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, USA.”1, HYPERLINK “https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Pierson+MD&cauthor_id=31195444″Merle D Pierso- ….. National Library of Medicinei

Hydrogen peroxide is responsible for bactericidal effectsobserved in biological systems, such as growth inhibition of one bacterial species by another and killing of invading microorganisms by activated phagocyticcells. H2O2 might be generated in bacteriological media by their exposure to light and/or oxygen and become an important mediator ………

THE USE OF HYDROGEN PEROXIDE FOR ANTISEPTIC & DISINFECTION PURPOSES

Gerald McDonnell … Wiley Online Library

Hydrogen peroxide is a widely used antimicrobial chemical. It is used in both liquid and gas form for preservative, disinfection and sterilization applications. Its advantages include its potent and broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity, flexibility in use, and safety profile in comparison to other microbicides. Hydrogen peroxide has been shown to be effective against all forms of microorganisms, including dormant forms with known high resistancesuch as bacterial spores and protozoal cysts, and also infectious proteins such as prions depending on the specific use …..

HYDROGEN PEROXIDE – AN OVERVIEW OF ANTISEPTIC QUALITIES
Dr Marie Hartley … Dermnet

Hydrogen peroxide is a bleach and an oxidizing agent, which means that when applied to tissues, oxygen is released. It is active against a wide variety of microorganisms. There are no known disease-causing bacteria or fungi that develop resistance to hydrogen peroxide.

USE OF HYDROGEN PEROXIDE IN WOUNDS
Sài Gòn, Hà Nội, Hồ Chí Minh, Phú Quốc, Nha Trang, Hạ Long, Hải Phòng, Đà Nẵng
Hydrogen peroxideis an oxidizing agent that has antiseptic, disinfecting, wound cleaning and deodorizing effects. Hydrogen peroxide has antibacterial, antiviraland mild hemostatic activity. Hydrogen peroxide in contact with tissue containing the enzyme catalase will release nascent oxygen with strong oxidizing properties, destroying harmful microorganisms.

COLLOIDAL SILVER

HEALTH BENEFITS OF COLLOIDAL SILVER
Jillian Kubala, Kayla Girgen
Colloidal silver has been shown to have antibacterial effectsagainst multidrug-resistant bacteria such as E. coli, S. aureus, S. epidermidis, and Enterococcus species. Silver has the ability to bind to sulfur atoms in proteins and enzymes located on the surface of bacteria. The metal then deactivates enzymes necessary for the bacteria to survive …

EVALUATION OF THE ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF COLLOIDAL SILVER IN BACTERIA
Gandara De La Peña, Agustin; De La Garza-ramos, Myriam; Aguilera Rojas, Sandra; San Martin Delgado, Carlos; Torres Reyes, Patricia

… the data obtained show that the antimicrobial activity of the colloidal silver was 99.9%and therefore showed no microbial growthfor the bacterial strains evaluated compared to the control group of chlorhexidine. A statistically significant difference was observed (p< 0.05) between the groups evaluated …. Colloidal silver has antimicrobial activityagainst bacteria and could therefore be used as an antimicrobial agent.

COLLOIDAL SILVER – HOW DOES IT BENEFIT YOUR HEALTH?
Dr. A. Bis
Colloidal silver has been used in medicine since the early 20th century to improve overall health and oral health. Recent research has demonstrated its antibacterial qualities in the treatment of a variety of common concerns like bacterial and viral infections, skin wounds, inflammation, sinusitis, cold, and flu …. A study published in 2016 showed that silver is a powerful anti-bacterialand can be used to help reduce bacteria ….

HEALTH BENEFITS OF TOPICAL COLLOIDAL SILVER
Kathy W. Warwick, Kathryn Watson …. Healthline

There have been some benefits from applying silver-containing agents to the skin. Health claims of topical silver include antimicrobial properties and help in healing skin wounds.

Topical colloidal silver products claim to be antimicrobial, germ-fighting agents… studies show promise when silver nanoparticles are incorporated into bandages and dressings for wounds. Colloidal silver is also claimed to promote healing of skin wounds.

PELARGONIUM SIDOIDES

HYPERLINK “https://www.thieme-connect.com/products/ejournals/abstract/10.1055/s-2006-957752” ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF EXTRACTS AND CONSTITUENTS OF PELARGONIUM SIDOIDES AND PELARGONIUM RENIFORME

HYPERLINK “https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=CJHlahUAAAAJ&hl=en&oi=sra” O Kayser, H Kolodziej – Planta medica, 1997 – thieme-connect.com

Abstract The antibacterial activity of extracts and isolated constituents (scopoletin, umckalin,
5, 6, 7-trimethoxycoumarin, 6, 8-dihydroxy-5, 7-dimethoxycoumarin,(+)-catechin, gallic acid
and its methyl ester) of Pelargonium sidoides and Pelargonium reniforme (Geraniaceae), …

HYPERLINK “http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0944711304703475” PHARMACOLOGICAL PROFILE OF EXTRACTS OF PELARGONIUM SIDOIDES AND THEIR CONSTITUENTS

H Kolodziej,HYPERLINK “https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=CJHlahUAAAAJ&hl=en&oi=sra” O Kayser, OA Radtke, AF Kiderlen, E Koch – Phytomedicine, 2003 – Elsevier

SUMMARY: In areas of southern Africa, aqueous extracts from the roots of Pelargonium
sidoides are employed to cure various disorders. Nowadays, a modern formulation (EPs
7630), elaborated from the traditional herbal medicine, is successfully used for the …

HYPERLINK “http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14786419.2012.751595” ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF SELECTED ESSENTIAL OILS AGAINST BACTERIA

GP Aguiar,HYPERLINK “https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=IQSNkikAAAAJ&hl=en&oi=sra” CE Carvalho, HJ Dias, EB Reis… – Natural product …, 2013 – Taylor & Francis

… activity of the essential oil from Rosmarinus officinalis and its major components against
pathogens. … Antimicrobial activity of selected essential oils against bacteria. …
(Verbenaceae), 12022; Ocimum gratissimum L. (Lamiaceae), 12420; Pelargonium

HYPERLINK “http://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/20/4/7329/htm” ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF ESSENTIAL OILS AND THEIR ISOLATED CONSTITUENTS AGAINST BACTERIA: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW

HYPERLINK “https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=rgkB6CwAAAAJ&hl=en&oi=sra” IA Freires, C Denny,HYPERLINK “https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=WPPsV3cAAAAJ&hl=en&oi=sra” B Benso,HYPERLINK “https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=g9SR_3UAAAAJ&hl=en&oi=sra” SM de Alencar… – Molecules, 2015 – mdpi.com

… The most promising species with antibacterial potential against bacteria are: Achillea ligustica, Baccharis dracunculifolia, Croton cajucara, Cryptomeria japonica, Coriandrum sativum, Eugenia … Pelargonium

HYPERLINK “http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2221169115308844” IN VITRO ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY AND MAJOR BIOACTIVE COMPONENTS OF ESSENTIAL OILS AGAINST BACTERIA, STREPTOCOCCUS MUTANS AND …

O Choi, SK Cho, J Kim, CG Park, J Kim – Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical …, 2016 – Elsevier

The aim of the present study was to identify essential oils showing antibacterial activity against bacteria, S globulus; S. aromaticum: Syzygium aromaticum; C. sempervirens: Cupressus sempervirens; B. carteri: Boswellia carteri; P. roseum: Pelargonium; C

 

CLOVE OIL

MICROBICIDE ACTIVITY OF CLOVE ESSENTIAL OIL ….

L. Nuñez* and M. D’ Aquino
Clove oil has biological activities, such as antibacterial, antifungal, insecticidal and antioxidant properties … Clove essential oil, used as an antiseptic in infections, inhibits Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria as well as yeast ….Clove essential oil can be considered as a potential antimicrobial agent because it is not markedly inactivated by dilution or affected by organic matter.

ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY AND MECHANISM OF CLOVE ESSENTIAL OIL AGAINST PATHOGENS
Jingwen Bai, Jianqiang Li, Zhiyuan Chen, Xuedong Bai, Zhenyuan Yang, Zitong Wang, Yu Yang
In this study, eugenol was confirmed as the main component of Clove Oil Extract (CEO). CEO and eugenol showed obviously antibacterial activities against S. aureus and E. coli. The antibacterial mechanism of eugenol against S. aureus was probably related to the damage of cell wall and membrane, the inhibition on biofilm formation, the oxidative stress-mediated apoptosis and the disruption of DNA synthesis. These results indicated that CEO and eugenol may be used as substitutes for antibiotics and synthetic antimicrobial agents.

COMPARATIVE STUDY OF THE ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF CLOVE OIL AND CLOVE EXTRACT ON PATHOGENS

Charu Gupta, PhD, ; Dhan Prakash, PhD
Both clove oil and clove extract was found to exhibit broad spectrum of antibacterial activity inhibiting all the ten test bacterial species. Clove oil produced maximum inhibition zone of diameter (IZD) against the major causative bacteriaas compared to clove extract, thereby, showing that clove oil possesses strong bactericidal activity.The clove oil has the potential to be used as a natural antibacterial agent for pathogens …..

COLLOIDAL SILVER AND WOUND TREATMENT

Dr. Young … Cleveland Clinic

Colloidal silver’s ability to destroy germs and bacteria can make it effective in treating skin infections, irritations and burns, Colloidal Silver addition to bandages and dressings helps to heal wounds faster.

LEMONGRASS OIL

ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF LEMONGRASS ESSENTIAL OIL (CYMBOPOGON FLEXUOSUS) AND ITS ACTIVE COMPONENT CITRAL AGAINST DUAL-SPECIES BIOFILMS OF STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS AND CANDIDA SPECIES

Shanjun Gao, Guangzhi Liu, Jianguo Li, Jing Chen

Lemongrass essential oil and its bioactive component citral demonstrated to possess strong antimicrobial efficacyagainst pathogenic bacteria and fungi … In summary, we demonstrated lemongrass essential oil and citral were highly effective for eradicating the dual-species biofilms by hindering the interactions between C. albicans and S. aureus as well as breaking the matrix compositions of biofilms …

ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF LEMONGRASS (CYMBOPOGON CITRATUS) OIL AGAINST SOME SELECTED PATHOGENIC BACTERIAS
Mohd Irfan Naik, Bashir Ahmad Fomda, Ebenezar Jaykumar, Javid Ahmad Bhat
The tested organisms, particularly gram-negative organisms had shown high resistance towards different antibiotics whereas they were found to be inhibited by lemongrass oil even at lower concentration. Thus lemongrass oil is effective against drug resistant organisms. It can be suggested that use of lemongrass oil would be helpful in the treatment of infections

LEMONGRASS ESSENTIAL OIL COMPONENTS WITH ANTIMICROBIAL AND ANTICANCER ACTIVITIES

Mohammad Mukarram ,Sadaf Choudhary,Mo Ahamad Khan, Mo Ahamad Khan,

Palmiro Poltronieri M. Masroor A. Khan … MDPI

The components of Lemongrass confer various pharmacological actions, including antifungal, antibacterial, antiviral, anticancer, and antioxidant properties …. Lemongrass extract inhibited the growthof Bacillus cereus, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Candida albicans, and Staphylococcus aureus with different levels of susceptibility ….

EUCALYPTUS OIL

ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF THE ESSENTIAL OILS FROM THE LEAVES OF EUCALYPTUS GLOBULUS AGAINST ESCHERICHIA COLI AND STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS

Raho G Bachir,* and M Benali
The encouraging results indicate the essential oil of E. globulus leaves might be exploited as natural antibiotic for the treatment of several infectious diseases caused by these two germs, and could be useful in understanding the relations between traditional cures and current medicines.

ANTIBACTERIAL AND ANTIVIRAL ACTIVITY OF EUCALYPTUS OIL:A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW
Pretty Falena, Atmanda Kambira,, Merry Liliana, Laurentine Belinda Arfenda, Sherleen Marcella
This study concludes that eucalyptus oil has antibacterial and antiviral activity.Thus, eucalyptus oil is a prominent alternative to antibiotics or disinfectants.

ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF LEAF ESSENTIAL OILS OF EUCALYPTUS GLOBULUS AND EUCALYPTUS CAMALDULENSIS

Raho Bachir, Benali Ghalem
The antibacterial activities of essential oils from leaves of two Eucalyptus species (globulus and camaldulensis) was determined against Staphylococcus aureus Gram (+) and Escherichia coli Gram (-) bacteria. ……….. Results demonstrated of the leaf essential oils of the two species showed an excellent inhibitory effect on S. aureus and E. coli.These data would indicate the potential usefulness of the two Eucalyptus species as a micro biostatic, antiseptic or as disinfectant agent.

ANTIMICROBIAL EFFECT OF ESSENTIAL OIL ISOLATEDFROM EUCALYPTUS GLOBULUS
Biljana DamJaNoVić, Danijela ŠukoVić, Jovanka DamJaNoVić – Czech J. Food Sci
The antimicrobial plate diffusion assay for Eucalyptus essential oil showed that differentmicroorganisms tested had different susceptibility to the same essentialoil. Eucalyptus oil was very potent against all the selected microorganisms …

CHEMICAL COMPOSITION AND ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF ESSENTIAL OIL EXTRACTED FROM EUCALYPTUS CITRIODORA LEAF

Wimonrut Insuan, Thippayarat Chahomchuen – MBL
In summary, this study was the first to provide information on the essential oil extracted from Eucalyptus citriodora leaves cultivated in northern Thailand. The essential oil consisted mainly of citronellal followed by isopulegol and citronellol…….. It possessed a high antibacterial activityagainst S. intermedius and P. aeruginosa as determined by the MIC and MBC values. Through a decrease in bacterial proteins and changing the cell morphology, the main action of E. citriodora oil was suggested to be through affecting the cell wall and cell membrane. These results indicated that E. citriodora oil has promise as a natural antibacterial agentwith potential to use for development in nanotechnological applications ……………….

ZYNAVET – CLINICAL TRIALS

HYDROGEN PEROXIDE

ANTIBACTERIAL EFFECTS OF HYDROGEN PEROXIDE AND METHODS FOR ITS DETECTION AND QUANTITATION 

HYPERLINK “https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Juven+BJ&cauthor_id=31195444″Benjamin J Juven HYPERLINK “https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31195444/” \l “full-view-affiliation-1” \o “Department of Food Science and Technology, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, USA.”1, HYPERLINK “https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Pierson+MD&cauthor_id=31195444″Merle D Pierso- ….. National Library of Medicinei

Hydrogen peroxide is responsible for bactericidal effectsobserved in biological systems, such as growth inhibition of one bacterial species by another and killing of invading microorganisms by activated phagocyticcells. H2O2 might be generated in bacteriological media by their exposure to light and/or oxygen and become an important mediator ………

THE USE OF HYDROGEN PEROXIDE FOR ANTISEPTIC & DISINFECTION PURPOSES

Gerald McDonnell … Wiley Online Library

Hydrogen peroxide is a widely used antimicrobial chemical. It is used in both liquid and gas form for preservative, disinfection and sterilization applications. Its advantages include its potent and broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity, flexibility in use, and safety profile in comparison to other microbicides. Hydrogen peroxide has been shown to be effective against all forms of microorganisms, including dormant forms with known high resistancesuch as bacterial spores and protozoal cysts, and also infectious proteins such as prions depending on the specific use …..

HYDROGEN PEROXIDE – AN OVERVIEW OF ANTISEPTIC QUALITIES
Dr Marie Hartley … Dermnet

Hydrogen peroxide is a bleach and an oxidizing agent, which means that when applied to tissues, oxygen is released. It is active against a wide variety of microorganisms. There are no known disease-causing bacteria or fungi that develop resistance to hydrogen peroxide.

USE OF HYDROGEN PEROXIDE IN WOUNDS
Sài Gòn, Hà Nội, Hồ Chí Minh, Phú Quốc, Nha Trang, Hạ Long, Hải Phòng, Đà Nẵng
Hydrogen peroxideis an oxidizing agent that has antiseptic, disinfecting, wound cleaning and deodorizing effects. Hydrogen peroxide has antibacterial, antiviraland mild hemostatic activity. Hydrogen peroxide in contact with tissue containing the enzyme catalase will release nascent oxygen with strong oxidizing properties, destroying harmful microorganisms.

 

COLLOIDAL SILVER

HEALTH BENEFITS OF COLLOIDAL SILVER
Jillian Kubala, Kayla Girgen
Colloidal silver has been shown to have antibacterial effectsagainst multidrug-resistant bacteria such as E. coli, S. aureus, S. epidermidis, and Enterococcus species. Silver has the ability to bind to sulfur atoms in proteins and enzymes located on the surface of bacteria. The metal then deactivates enzymes necessary for the bacteria to survive …

EVALUATION OF THE ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF COLLOIDAL SILVER IN BACTERIA
Gandara De La Peña, Agustin; De La Garza-ramos, Myriam; Aguilera Rojas, Sandra; San Martin Delgado, Carlos; Torres Reyes, Patricia

… the data obtained show that the antimicrobial activity of the colloidal silver was 99.9%and therefore showed no microbial growthfor the bacterial strains evaluated compared to the control group of chlorhexidine. A statistically significant difference was observed (p< 0.05) between the groups evaluated …. Colloidal silver has antimicrobial activityagainst bacteria and could therefore be used as an antimicrobial agent.

COLLOIDAL SILVER – HOW DOES IT BENEFIT YOUR HEALTH?
Dr. A. Bis
Colloidal silver has been used in medicine since the early 20th century to improve overall health and oral health. Recent research has demonstrated its antibacterial qualities in the treatment of a variety of common concerns like bacterial and viral infections, skin wounds, inflammation, sinusitis, cold, and flu …. A study published in 2016 showed that silver is a powerful anti-bacterialand can be used to help reduce bacteria ….

HEALTH BENEFITS OF TOPICAL COLLOIDAL SILVER
Kathy W. Warwick, Kathryn Watson …. Healthline

There have been some benefits from applying silver-containing agents to the skin. Health claims of topical silver include antimicrobial properties and help in healing skin wounds.

Topical colloidal silver products claim to be antimicrobial, germ-fighting agents… studies show promise when silver nanoparticles are incorporated into bandages and dressings for wounds. Colloidal silver is also claimed to promote healing of skin wounds.

PELARGONIUM SIDOIDES

HYPERLINK “https://www.thieme-connect.com/products/ejournals/abstract/10.1055/s-2006-957752” ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF EXTRACTS AND CONSTITUENTS OF PELARGONIUM SIDOIDES AND PELARGONIUM RENIFORME

HYPERLINK “https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=CJHlahUAAAAJ&hl=en&oi=sra” O Kayser, H Kolodziej – Planta medica, 1997 – thieme-connect.com

Abstract The antibacterial activity of extracts and isolated constituents (scopoletin, umckalin,
5, 6, 7-trimethoxycoumarin, 6, 8-dihydroxy-5, 7-dimethoxycoumarin,(+)-catechin, gallic acid
and its methyl ester) of Pelargonium sidoides and Pelargonium reniforme (Geraniaceae), …

HYPERLINK “http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0944711304703475” PHARMACOLOGICAL PROFILE OF EXTRACTS OF PELARGONIUM SIDOIDES AND THEIR CONSTITUENTS

H Kolodziej,HYPERLINK “https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=CJHlahUAAAAJ&hl=en&oi=sra” O Kayser, OA Radtke, AF Kiderlen, E Koch – Phytomedicine, 2003 – Elsevier

SUMMARY: In areas of southern Africa, aqueous extracts from the roots of Pelargonium
sidoides are employed to cure various disorders. Nowadays, a modern formulation (EPs
7630), elaborated from the traditional herbal medicine, is successfully used for the …

HYPERLINK “http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14786419.2012.751595” ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF SELECTED ESSENTIAL OILS AGAINST BACTERIA

GP Aguiar,HYPERLINK “https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=IQSNkikAAAAJ&hl=en&oi=sra” CE Carvalho, HJ Dias, EB Reis… – Natural product …, 2013 – Taylor & Francis

… activity of the essential oil from Rosmarinus officinalis and its major components against
pathogens. … Antimicrobial activity of selected essential oils against bacteria. …
(Verbenaceae), 12022; Ocimum gratissimum L. (Lamiaceae), 12420; Pelargonium

HYPERLINK “http://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/20/4/7329/htm” ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF ESSENTIAL OILS AND THEIR ISOLATED CONSTITUENTS AGAINST BACTERIA: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW

HYPERLINK “https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=rgkB6CwAAAAJ&hl=en&oi=sra” IA Freires, C Denny,HYPERLINK “https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=WPPsV3cAAAAJ&hl=en&oi=sra” B Benso,HYPERLINK “https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=g9SR_3UAAAAJ&hl=en&oi=sra” SM de Alencar… – Molecules, 2015 – mdpi.com

… The most promising species with antibacterial potential against bacteria are: Achillea ligustica, Baccharis dracunculifolia, Croton cajucara, Cryptomeria japonica, Coriandrum sativum, Eugenia … Pelargonium

HYPERLINK “http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2221169115308844” IN VITRO ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY AND MAJOR BIOACTIVE COMPONENTS OF ESSENTIAL OILS AGAINST BACTERIA, STREPTOCOCCUS MUTANS AND …

O Choi, SK Cho, J Kim, CG Park, J Kim – Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical …, 2016 – Elsevier

The aim of the present study was to identify essential oils showing antibacterial activity against bacteria, S globulus; S. aromaticum: Syzygium aromaticum; C. sempervirens: Cupressus sempervirens; B. carteri: Boswellia carteri; P. roseum: Pelargonium; C

 

CLOVE OIL

MICROBICIDE ACTIVITY OF CLOVE ESSENTIAL OIL ….

L. Nuñez* and M. D’ Aquino
Clove oil has biological activities, such as antibacterial, antifungal, insecticidal and antioxidant properties … Clove essential oil, used as an antiseptic in infections, inhibits Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria as well as yeast ….Clove essential oil can be considered as a potential antimicrobial agent because it is not markedly inactivated by dilution or affected by organic matter.

ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY AND MECHANISM OF CLOVE ESSENTIAL OIL AGAINST PATHOGENS
Jingwen Bai, Jianqiang Li, Zhiyuan Chen, Xuedong Bai, Zhenyuan Yang, Zitong Wang, Yu Yang
In this study, eugenol was confirmed as the main component of Clove Oil Extract (CEO). CEO and eugenol showed obviously antibacterial activities against S. aureus and E. coli. The antibacterial mechanism of eugenol against S. aureus was probably related to the damage of cell wall and membrane, the inhibition on biofilm formation, the oxidative stress-mediated apoptosis and the disruption of DNA synthesis. These results indicated that CEO and eugenol may be used as substitutes for antibiotics and synthetic antimicrobial agents.

COMPARATIVE STUDY OF THE ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF CLOVE OIL AND CLOVE EXTRACT ON PATHOGENS

Charu Gupta, PhD, ; Dhan Prakash, PhD
Both clove oil and clove extract was found to exhibit broad spectrum of antibacterial activity inhibiting all the ten test bacterial species. Clove oil produced maximum inhibition zone of diameter (IZD) against the major causative bacteriaas compared to clove extract, thereby, showing that clove oil possesses strong bactericidal activity.The clove oil has the potential to be used as a natural antibacterial agent for pathogens …..

COLLOIDAL SILVER AND WOUND TREATMENT

Dr. Young … Cleveland Clinic

Colloidal silver’s ability to destroy germs and bacteria can make it effective in treating skin infections, irritations and burns, Colloidal Silver addition to bandages and dressings helps to heal wounds faster.

LEMONGRASS OIL

ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF LEMONGRASS ESSENTIAL OIL (CYMBOPOGON FLEXUOSUS) AND ITS ACTIVE COMPONENT CITRAL AGAINST DUAL-SPECIES BIOFILMS OF STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS AND CANDIDA SPECIES

Shanjun Gao, Guangzhi Liu, Jianguo Li, Jing Chen

Lemongrass essential oil and its bioactive component citral demonstrated to possess strong antimicrobial efficacyagainst pathogenic bacteria and fungi … In summary, we demonstrated lemongrass essential oil and citral were highly effective for eradicating the dual-species biofilms by hindering the interactions between C. albicans and S. aureus as well as breaking the matrix compositions of biofilms …

ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF LEMONGRASS (CYMBOPOGON CITRATUS) OIL AGAINST SOME SELECTED PATHOGENIC BACTERIAS
Mohd Irfan Naik, Bashir Ahmad Fomda, Ebenezar Jaykumar, Javid Ahmad Bhat
The tested organisms, particularly gram-negative organisms had shown high resistance towards different antibiotics whereas they were found to be inhibited by lemongrass oil even at lower concentration. Thus lemongrass oil is effective against drug resistant organisms. It can be suggested that use of lemongrass oil would be helpful in the treatment of infections

LEMONGRASS ESSENTIAL OIL COMPONENTS WITH ANTIMICROBIAL AND ANTICANCER ACTIVITIES

Mohammad Mukarram ,Sadaf Choudhary,Mo Ahamad Khan, Mo Ahamad Khan,

Palmiro Poltronieri M. Masroor A. Khan … MDPI

The components of Lemongrass confer various pharmacological actions, including antifungal, antibacterial, antiviral, anticancer, and antioxidant properties …. Lemongrass extract inhibited the growthof Bacillus cereus, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Candida albicans, and Staphylococcus aureus with different levels of susceptibility ….

 

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